The Quinceanera in Spanish Culture

The quinceanera is a social and religious event in Spanish cultures that marks the transition of girls into womanhood. It is a celebration of a girl's 15th birthday, an acknowledgement of sexual maturity and an introduction of the girl into the larger, social world. The term "quinceanera" comes from the Spanish "quince," meaning 15, and "anos," meaning years. This coming-of-age event usually is marked with a large celebration for both the family and the community.
History of Quinceanera

Many theories about the origin of the quinceanera ritual exist, with some dating to its origin in the height of the Aztec culture. Tribal cultures of Meso-America, such as the Mayans and Toltecs, often celebrated the rites of passage into adulthood with elaborate rituals that marked a change of responsibilities and a readiness to leave childhood behind to take on the heavier roles of warrior and father or wife and mother. These rituals were melded into religious rituals brought by Spanish missionaries, according to the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. By the 1930s, these elaborate rites of passage became accepted social practice in Hispanic communities throughout the United States to connect Spanish descendents with their cultural heritage and cement community ties in their adopted country.
Features of the Quinceanera
Quinceanera rituals often feature lavish clothing, jewelry, entertainment and gifts. The quinceanera "crown" with the number "15" is part of the generally accepted costume. Elaborate gowns and formal attire for the males is part of the accepted etiquette.
Fifteen young men and women, family or friends of the young girl attend her as a "court" for processions in church and attendance at the party. Symbolic objects might include a "kneeling pillow" marked with the young woman's name, high heels for the "changing of the shoes" symbolizing the change in status and the "last doll," which symbolizes leaving childhood behind, according to QuinceaneraBoutique.
Social Customs
The quinceanera celebration often features a dinner and dance, to which all friends and family of the young girl are invited. It is a time for fun and renewal of family and community ties. Expensive gifts are given to the young woman to mark the occasion. A special choreographed dance performed by the young woman and her "court" often is done at the reception. A toast to the young woman with specially decorated champagne glasses also is given. Professional photos also sometimes are obtained to remember the event.